Grand Rapids, MI (GRR)

Ticket Revenue

FY 2011

$1,756,339

Station Ridership

FY 2011

55,545

Note: Fiscal year is from
October through September.

Passengers at Grand Rapids use a station built in 1996; it was renovated in 2008 through a state grant. A prominent gable marks the façade of the one-story Colonial Revival depot, indicating the location of the entrance; a four-sided cupola with a delicate weathervane surmounts the structure. The two sides of the building and the façade facing the tracks are covered by a gracious wrap-around porch that provides passengers with shelter from the hot summer sun and the winds and snows of a typical Midwest winter. Although the station is unstaffed, a caretaker maintains the waiting room and opens it twice a day for the arrival of the Pere Marquette trains.

In 2004, the city opened a new $19 million downtown transit center to serve its bus system (Rapid) and provide space for intercity bus providers. Local architects ProgressiveAE covered the Rapid Central Station’s bus bays with a series of fabric canopies supported on a steel frame. Their billowing design is meant to evoke the river rapids from which the city took its name; at night, the canopies are illuminated with different colored lights, adding a dynamic and exciting quality to a vital piece of public infrastructure. The accompanying transportation building incorporated recycled glass in the flooring, porous paving, a green roof, and facilities for bicycle commuters. These features led to its designation as the first LEED certified transportation facility in the nation. Planning for future regional transportation needs, the station was designed to accommodate a relocated Amtrak facility if the move is feasible and funds become available.

Although federal planning funds have been made available for Amtrak service to relocate, sufficient construction funds are not yet available.

In cooperation with the Michigan Department of Transportation, Amtrak initiated the 176 mile Pere Marquette service in 1984 to link Grand Rapids with Chicago. The line was named after a train of the old Pere Marquette Railway which in turn was named for Père Jacques Marquette, a seventeenth century French Jesuit missionary who was fluent in many American Indian languages and preached in the Great Lakes region. The priest explored the Mississippi River with Louis Jolliet and French-Indian guides during 1673—Marquette and Jolliet were the first Europeans to investigate the upper Mississippi. The group went as far south as the Arkansas River’s junction with the Mississippi River before turning back.

Grand Rapids was early connected to older settlements in the eastern portion of the state. In 1858, the town welcomed the arrival of the Detroit and Milwaukee Railway which planned to connect Detroit with Grand Haven, located on the eastern shore of Lake Michigan; the 189 mile route would span the entire width of the Lower Peninsula. From Grand Haven, ferries would ship goods to Milwaukee on the far side of the lake. The Detroit and Milwaukee was descended from Michigan’s first chartered railroad, the Pontiac and Detroit, established in 1830. Through a series of consolidations in the 1860s and 1870s, the Detroit and Milwaukee came under the control of the Grand Trunk Railway (today part of Canadian National), an important system linking southern Canada with the upper Midwest.

By the end of the 19th century, the rapidly growing city gained rail links to all parts of the nation through six major railroads including the Grand Rapids and Indiana (GR&I), Lake Shore and Michigan Southern, and the Michigan Central. To accommodate expanded passenger and freight service, a larger Union Station was opened in 1900, replacing an earlier structure dating to 1870. Major lines serving the station included the GR&I and the newly formed Pere Marquette Railroad, from which the current Amtrak route takes its name.

Only five years after it opened, an estimated 750,000 people passed through the new Union Station. The Georgian Revival building was two stories, composed of red brick with a rusticated first floor. It was constructed according to the neoclassical Palladian five-part plan; hyphens connected a central projecting bay with dominant portico to two end pavilions with hipped roofs. The two-story portico with columns of the Ionic order covered the sidewalk, sheltering passengers as they arrived; the central pavilion was topped with a domed cupola with four clock faces that kept arriving passengers apprised of the time. Behind the station was a large train shed built by the GR&I in 1890. 112 feet wide inside the pillars, 600 feet long, and 56 feet high at the ridge of the roof, the structure was supported by 31 iron trusses. The shed sheltered seven tracks and as many as 70 passenger cars. In 1958-59, the State Highway Department demolished Union Station for the construction of an expressway; the train shed was dismantled and today portions of it have been reassembled by private owners and are in use as warehouses.

The area around present-day Grand Rapids was inhabited almost 2,000 years ago by the famed Mound Builders who farmed in the rich soil of the Grand River’s floodplain and constructed earthen burial mounds to honor the dead. More recently, the Ottawa, Ojibwa, and Potawatomi peoples settled western Michigan; Ottawa villages were arrayed around the river rapids of “Owashtanong,” or “Far-away-water,” a reference to the river’s 260 mile run. It was not until the Chicago Treaty of 1821 that the young United States gained the land south of the Grand River from American Indian groups and began to survey it in preparation for settlement.

By 1825, Baptist missionary Isaac McCoy and fur trader Louis Campau established the first European-American settlement at the rapids, where the river fell eighteen feet on its way to Lake Michigan. Campau purchased a 72-acre tract of land for $90 in 1831—named Grand Rapids—that would become the heart of the modern city. Although the city’s name reflects this natural condition of the river, subsequent engineering of the waterway greatly subdued the original rapids. A large group of settlers from New York arrived in 1833, building the first frame houses and establishing a government and school.

Tapping into Michigan’s rich stands of oak, maple, basswood, walnut, ash, beech, and pine trees—33,000 acres a year were cut between 1870-1890—early entrepreneurs William Powers and Ebenezer Ball set up a furniture factory in the 1850s, unknowingly giving birth to an industry which would define the city world-wide. Over the next few decades, numerous saw mills and furniture, carpet, and cloth mills opened; the increased rail links carried the products far and wide. Local shopkeeper Melville Bissell invented the carpet sweeper in 1876 at the suggestion of his wife. 1876 would be a pivotal year for the nation and city: at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition celebrating the first century of the United States, three furniture manufacturers exhibited their goods and won prizes for the quality and beauty of their work.

The resulting publicity made Grand Rapids famous and gave it the moniker of “Furniture City.” Manufacturers set up showrooms in cities throughout the country and demand rose for both domestic pieces as well as office furniture. In 1883 a logjam over five miles long roared down the Grand River, destroying bridges and other impediments; the city quickly recovered and by 1900, fifty furniture factories employed roughly half of the city’s workforce. Furniture manufacture remained a mainstay of the economy until the Great Depression, when half of the existing factories closed their doors. Those interested in Grand Rapid’s intimate history with furniture make a beeline for the “Furniture City” exhibit at the Grand Rapids Public Museum where the history of the industry is presented through pieces of locally made furniture. A stroll through the historic Heritage Hill neighborhood—placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971—is a walk through the city’s past; leaders in manufacturing and civic affairs built their homes in a variety of architectural styles representing the fashions of the day.

Grand Rapids is also the boyhood home of President Gerald R. Ford, only the 38th citizen told hold the nation’s highest office. Promoted to the post after serving as Vice Present to President Richard M. Nixon and surviving two assassination attempts, Ford’s service to the country is celebrated at the Gerald R. Ford Museum in Grand Rapids. The Ford Museum opened to the public in September 1981. It is part of the Presidential libraries system of the National Archives and Records Administration, a Federal agency. Unlike other Presidential libraries, the museum component is geographically separate from the library/archives. The Ford Museum is in Grand Rapids and the Library is in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Michigan’s “Second City,” Grand Rapids is today the center of a more diversified economy with a focus on automobile components, health care facilities and research, and education as indicated by its numerous institutions of higher learning; it also remains a leader in the production of office furniture. As the primate city of western Michigan, Grand Rapids is a culture and entertainment destination for the region. Residents and visitors flock to the Festival of the Arts held on the streets around Vandenberg Plaza on the first weekend in June. Musical performances, diverse food vendors, and art exhibitions make for a lively scene. The life of the Grand River and its people is marked in September with fireworks, concerts, and a food festival on the weekend after Labor Day. Nature-oriented travelers will enjoy an escape to the Frederik Meijer Gardens and Sculpture Park which includes a 30 acre outdoor sculpture park with works by Auguste Rodin, Henry Moore, Mimmo Paladino, and others. Those interested in a trip around the world might veer toward the tropical conservatory—the largest in Michigan—and the Arid Garden exhibiting species accustomed to some of the driest landscapes on earth.

Young rail fans might best know Grand Rapids for Chris Van Allsberg. A native son, he wrote the Polar Express, now considered a Christmas classic, in which a young boy boards a magical train to the North Pole. The steam locomotive depicted in the book’s rich illustrations is thought to be modeled after one from the Lima Locomotive Works in Lima, Ohio; this locomotive type was also used on the Pere Marquette Railway. Commentators have seen other railroad references in both the book and movie.

The Pere Marquette service is financed primarily through funds made available by the Michigan State Department of Transportation. Amtrak does not provide ticketing or baggage services at Grand Rapids which is served by two daily trains.